Hughes v. Meyer’s Empirical Analysis
880 F.2d 967 · 1989
Citation profile
61 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 131 later decisions — most recently February 2022 · most notably Gibson v. City of Chicago (1990), United States v. Burrell (1992)
61 federal appellate · 4 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Brinegar v. United States · Malley v. Briggs · Beck v. State of Ohio
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 131 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Probable cause for an arrest exists if, at the moment the arrest was made, the facts and circumstances within the officers' knowledge and of which they had reasonably trustworthy information were sufficient to warrant a prudent person in believing that an offense has been committed.”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage“[E]ven in the absence of probable cause for an arrest, qualified immunity provides officers with an additional layer of protection against civil liability.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Evans v. Mokry · Maltby v. Winston“[W]hether an official protected by qualified immunity may be held personally liable for an allegedly unlawful official action generally turns on the 'objective legal reasonableness' of the action, assessed in light of the legal rules that were 'clearly established' at the time it was taken.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.