Edwards ex rel. Edwards v. Rees’s Empirical Analysis
883 F.2d 882 · 1989
Citation profile
13 federal appellate · 7 district · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 46 later decisions — most recently January 2019 · most notably In re L.A. (2001), Shuman v. Penn Manor School District M D B (2005)
13 federal appellate · 7 district · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Terry v. Ohio · Rochin v. People of California · Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District · Goss v. Lopez
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 46 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]t is evident that the school setting requires some easing of the restrictions to which searches by public authorities are ordinarily subject.... [T]he accommodation of the privacy interests of schoolchildren with the substantial need of teachers and administrators for freedom to maintain order in the schools does not require strict adherence to the requirement that searches be based on probable cause to believe that the subject of the search has violated or is violating the law. Rather, the legality of a search of a student should depend simply on the reasonableness, under all the circumstances, of the search.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“the same considerations which moved the Supreme Court to apply a relaxed Fourth Amendment standard in cases involving school searches support applying the same standard in school seizure cases.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“the Supreme Court has never held that `the full panoply of constitutional rules applies with the same force and effect in the schoolhouse as it does in the enforcement of criminal laws.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.