Cravener v. Shuster’s Empirical Analysis
885 F.3d 1135 · 2018
Citation profile
4 federal appellate ·
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Graham v. Connor · Pearson v. Callahan · Duncan v. Walker · SAUCIER v. KATZ Et Al.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 8 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'even if the reasonableness of [Officer Craddock's and Principal Wallace's] actions was questionable,' [K.W.P.] cannot 'show that a reasonable [official] would have been on notice that [their] conduct violated a clearly established right.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'When determining whether an action was a clearly established constitutional violation, we look to the state of the law at the time of the incident,' here [April 2014].'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the relationship between the need for the use of force and the amount of force used; the extent of the plaintiff's injury; any effort made by the officer to temper or to limit the amount of force; the severity of the security problem at issue; the threat reasonably perceived by the officer; and whether the plaintiff was actively resisting.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Zubrod v. Hoch
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.