Baker’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
16 federal appellate · 10 district · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 63 later decisions — most recently March 2021 · most notably Brewster v. Board of Education of the Lynwood Unified School District (1998), Gasho v. United States (1994)
16 federal appellate · 10 district · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Santosky v. Kramer · Stanley v. Illinois
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 63 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“sufficiently clear that a reasonable official would understand that what he was doing violates that right,”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“so egregious that any reasonable person would have recognized a constitutional violation.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Tomas Armendariz Rosa Armendariz Harry Julian Brown, Jr. Lance A. Bukouskis v. James F. Penman W.R. Holcomb David M. Stachowski Cecil Dillard Kenneth J. Henderson, Tomas Armendariz Rosa C. Armendariz Harry Julian Brown, Jr. Lance A. Bukouskis v. James F. Penman W.R. Holcomb David M. Stachowski Cecil Dillard Kenneth J. Henderson, and Al Boughey Larry Reed, Tomas Armendariz Rosa C. Armendariz v. James F. Penman · Armendariz
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.