United States v. Low’s Empirical Analysis
887 F.2d 232 · 1989
Citation profile
14 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 26 later decisions — most recently June 2007 · most notably United States v. Rose (1989), State v. Daniel (2000)
14 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 844 (§ 404 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Florida v. Royer · United States v. Mendenhall · United States v. Sokolow · In re Disbarment of Gonzales
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 26 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[o]nly when an officer, by means of physical force or show of authority, has in some way restrained the liberty of a citizen may we conclude that a 'seizure' has taken place”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'in view of all the circumstances surrounding the incident, a reasonable person would have believed that he was not free to leave'”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“retention of an airplane ticket 'beyond the interval required for the appropriate brief scrutiny, may constitute a”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.