Biddulph v. Mortham’s Empirical Analysis
89 F.3d 1491 · 1996
Citation profile
22 federal appellate · 5 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 50 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2022 · most notably Victoria Buckley, Secretary of State of Colorado, v. American Constitutional Law Foundation, Inc. (1999), Long v. Shorebank Development Corp. (1999)
22 federal appellate · 5 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1973A (§ 3 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman · Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co. · Eastern Railroad Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight, Inc. · California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited · Williams v. Rhodes
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 50 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[I]n the initiative process people do not seek to make wishes known to government representatives but instead to enact change by bypassing their representatives altogether.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]he right to place a citizen initiative proposal on the ballot is a state-created right (and thus, by implication, not a right guaranteed by the First Amendment).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Clearly, the right to a state initiative process is not a right guaranteed by the United States Constitution, but is a right created by state law”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.