Herndon v. Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Board Of Education’s Empirical Analysis
89 F.3d 174 · 1996
Citation profile
11 federal appellate · 3 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 37 later decisions — most recently February 2025 · most notably Sissy Littlefield, Blau v. Fort Thomas Public School District (2005)
11 federal appellate · 3 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez · Lemon v. Kurtzman · Meyer v. State of Nebraska · Wisconsin v. Yoder · Pierce v. Society of the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary Same
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“reaffirm[ed] that parental rights are among the liberties protected by the Constitution.... When those rights combine with First Amendment free exercise concerns, the [Yoder ] Court held, they are fundamental: “[Tjhis ease involves the fundamental interest of parents, as contrasted with that of the State, to guide the religious future and education of their children.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent“[w]hile the Court employed more than a rational basis standard with reference to the First Amendment free exercise clause, it is clear that the due process interest of parents to direct the upbringing and education of their children, standing alone, warranted no more than rational-basis review.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Sissy Littlefield“We are constrained to conclude that the statute as applied is arbitrary, and without reasonable relation to any end within the competency of the state.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Sissy Littlefield
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.