Yowell v. Combs’s Empirical Analysis
89 F.3d 542 · 1996
Citation profile
32 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 57 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably Duffy v. Wolle (1997), Davis v. Hall (2004)
32 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Johnson v. McDonnell Douglas Corp. · Monterey Development Corporation v. Lawyer's Title Insurance Corporation · Reich v. ConAgra, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 57 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[q]ualified immunity shields government officials from suit unless their conduct violated a clearly established constitutional or statutory right of which a reasonable person would have known.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) whether Swanson has asserted' a violation of a constitutional or statutory right; (2) if so, whether the right was clearly established at the time of the violation; and (3) whether, given the facts most favorable .to Swanson, there are no genuine issues of material fact as to whether a reasonable official would have known that the alleged action violated the right.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“may affirm the district court's grant of summary judgment on any ground supported by [the] record”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Duffy v. Wolle
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.