89 Wash. 2d 673 - Halvorson v. Dahl’s Empirical Analysis
1978
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 156 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 167 later decisions — most recently September 2018 · most notably Burns v. Board of Education (1994), 103 Wash. 2d 768 - Hartley v. State (1985)
3 federal appellate · 156 state decisions — followed in 17 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on 74 Wis. 2d 526 - Coffey v. City of Milwaukee · 85 Wash. 2d 52 - Grimsby v. Samson · Adams v. State · 86 Wash. 2d 293 - Brown v. MacPherson's, Inc. · Motyka v. City of Amsterdam
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 167 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Liability can be founded upon a municipal code if that code by its terms evidences a clear intent to identify and protect a particular and circumscribed class of persons.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage“any hypothetical situation conceivably raised by the complaint defeats a 12(b)(6) motion if it is legally sufficient to support plaintiff's claim.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage“The traditional rule is that municipal ordinances impose a duty upon municipal officials which is owed to the public as a whole, so that a duty enforceable in tort is not owed to any particular individual.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.