Kramer v. Pollock-Krasner Foundation’s Empirical Analysis
1995
Citation profile
5 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 37 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2025 · most notably Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly (2007), 17 F. Supp. 2d 275 - Granite Partners, LP v. Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. (1998)
5 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 15 U.S.C. § 1 (§ 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act)
Relies on Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corporation · Scheuer v. Rhodes · Hishon v. King & Spalding · United States v. Grinnell Corp. · United States v. E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“To satisfy the second requirement, the defendants must interfere with the business relationship directly; that is, the defendant must direct some activities toward the party and convince the third party not to enter into the business relationship with plaintiff. To meet the third requirement, a plaintiff must demonstrate that the action complained of was motivated solely by malice or to inflict injury by unlawful means rather than by self-interest or other economic considerations.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the defendants' allegedly conspiratorial actions could equally have been prompted by lawful, independent goals which do not constitute a conspiracy”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“for failure to allege a sufficient factual basis,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.