Youngman v. Doerhoff’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

3 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 3 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “Immoral conduct is conduct which is always wrong.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. In Re Thomas · Homa v. Carthage R-IX School District

2. ““According to Webster’s New Universal Unabridged Dictionary (2d ed. 1983), the term ‘immoral’ means ‘not in conformity with accepted principles of right and wrong behavior; contrary to the moral code of the community; wicked; especially not in conformance with accepted standards of proper sexual behavior; unchaste; lewd; licentious; obscene.’ Each of these definitive terms shares a common element of wrongful intent or conscious disregard of established mores such that the act itself bespeaks or permits a presumption of knowledge of its wrongful character. [[Image here]] “The term ‘immoral conduct’ is sufficient to provide the constitutionally required fair warning if, and only if, it is strictly construed to encompass only conduct which permits the inference of a conscious disregard of established moral standards. So construed, the consciousness of wrongdoing serves as notice.””

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. Howard v. Missouri State Board of Education

3. “sufficiently contrary to justice, honesty, modesty or good morals, or involving baseness, vileness or depravity so as to support the inference that the teacher understands the conduct to be wrong.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage
   e.g. In Re Thomas