United States v. Carroll’s Empirical Analysis
893 F.2d 1502 · 1990
Citation profile
133 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 189 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2017 · most notably United States v. Chambers (1991), United States v. Anderson (1991)
133 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 13 (Assimilative Crimes Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 3742 · 18 U.S.C. § 751
Relies on McMillan v. Pennsylvania · New Jersey Department of Corrections v. Nash · Marino v. Ortiz · Anderson v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. · Adman v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 189 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]f the defendant was an organizer or leader of a criminal activity that involved five or more participants or was otherwise extensive.”
18 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“a person who is criminally responsible for the commission of the offense, but need not have been convicted.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“organizer, leader, manager, or supervisor”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.