United States v. Thomas’s Empirical Analysis
893 F.2d 482 · 1990
Citation profile
3 federal appellate ·
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 21 U.S.C. § 812 (§ 202 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Neil v. Biggers · Coolidge v. New Hampshire · Rakas v. Illinois · Jones v. United States · Schmerber v. State of California
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 8 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) the gravity or violent nature of the offense with which the suspect is to be charged; (2) whether the suspect ‘is reasonably believed to be armed’; (3) ‘a clear showing of probable cause ... to believe that the suspect committed the crime’; (4) ‘strong reason to believe that the suspect is in the premises being entered’; (5) ‘a likelihood that the suspect will escape if not swiftly apprehended’; and (6) the peaceful circumstances of the entry.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Delgado v. Walker
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.