United States v. Summers’s Empirical Analysis
893 F.2d 63 · 1990
Citation profile
136 federal appellate · 3 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 194 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2021 · most notably Williams v. United States (1992), United States v. Rusher (1992)
136 federal appellate · 3 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3551 (Mandatory Victims Restitution Act of 1996) · 18 U.S.C. § 3553 · 18 U.S.C. § 3742 · 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 924
Relies on United States v. Diaz-Villafane · United States v. Franz · United States v. Colon · United States v. Lopez
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 194 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“not adequately taken into consideration by the Sentencing Commission.”
34 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“age (including youth ) is not ordinarily relevant in determining whether a sentence should be outside the applicable guidelines range.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“sufficient evidence to support a finding that [the aggravating] circumstance on which a departure is based actually exists in the particular case.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.