Hedgpeth v. Rahim’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

2 federal appellate ·

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 8 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “[E]xisting precedent must have placed the statutory or constitutional question beyond debate,”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Palmieri v. United States · Johnson v. Dist. of Columbia

2. “including the severity of the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and whether he is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Jackson v. Dist. of Columbia

3. “Even if there is a genuine dispute about the reasonableness of an officer's use of force, he is protected by qualified immunity unless his force violated clearly established law.”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Cutchin v. Dist. of Columbia