United States v. Duncan’s Empirical Analysis
896 F.2d 271 · 1990
Citation profile
34 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 41 later decisions — most recently April 2022 · most notably United States v. Garrett (1990), United States v. Fernandez (2004)
34 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2252
Relies on Jackson v. Virginia · United States v. Russell · Hampton v. United States · Stafford v. Oklahoma · Isaksen v. Vermont Castings, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 41 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Whether the Supreme court itself ultimately will validate the doctrine of outrageous conduct seems doubtful. In Hampton v. United States, [ 425 U.S. 484 , 96 S.Ct. 1646 , 48 L.Ed.2d 113 (1976) ] a three judge plurality opined that “[t]he remedy of the criminal defendant with respect to the acts of governmental agents, which far from being resisted, are encouraged by him, lies solely in the defense of entrapment.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“there was no injury to innocent third parties as the government merely sent Duncan copies of previously seized child pornography.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“an outrageous governmental conduct defense must be made the subject of a pre-trial motion under Rule 12(b)(2)”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.