State v. Howard’s Empirical Analysis
1995
Citation profile
42 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 42 later decisions — most recently May 2016 · most notably State v. Johnston (1997), State v. Williams (2000)
42 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Strickland v. Washington · Cuyler v. Sullivan · Lockhart v. McCree · Sanders v. State · State v. Grim
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 42 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Aiders and abettors who act with common purpose with active participants in the crime incur criminal liability by any form of affirmative advancement of the enterprise. State v. Gannaway, 649 S.W.2d 235, 239 (Mo.App.1983). Indicia of aiding and abetting include presence at the scene of the crime, flight therefrom and association with others involved before, during and after commission of the crime. State v. Simpson, 778 S.W.2d 705, 707 (Mo.App.1989). A defendant’s presence at the scene and his companionship and conduct before and after the offense are circumstances from which one’s participation in the crime may be inferred. State v. Gonzalez-Gongora, 673 S.W.2d 811, 813 (Mo.App. 1984). Proof of any form of participation by a defendant in the crime is sufficient to support a conviction. State v. Blount, 734 S.W.2d 309, 310 (Mo.App. 1987).”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Robinson“As to intent, the general rule is that “[i]f an accomplice has a purpose to promote an offense, he may be found to have the required culpable state of mind for that offense.” State v. Roberts, 709 S.W.2d 857, 863 (Mo. banc 1986). To be hable as an aider and abetter, the evidence does not have to establish a defendant’s specific knowledge of which particular crime his co-participant will commit. State v. Workes, 689 S.W.2d 782, 785 (Mo.App.1985). “[I]f a defendant has embarked upon a course of criminal conduct with others, he is responsible for those crimes which he could reasonably anticipate would be part of that conduct.” Id. Moreover, since direct evidence probative of the mental state is rarely obtainable, it may be inferred from the circumstances. State v. Turner, 623 S.W.2d 4, 7 (Mo. banc 1981).”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Robinson“A contention that counsel had a conflict of interest, without benefit of explicative facts or evidence that counsel favored one client at the expense of another, affords no basis for relief.... Such a claim cannot be sustained on the basis of speculation, and will not be upheld absent evidence of actual conflict of interest or evidence pointing to a substantial probability of conflict of interest_ In order to evidence a conflict of interest, something must have been done by counsel or something must have been foregoing by counsel and lost to defendant, which was detrimental to the interests of defendant and advantageous to another.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Smith v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.