United States v. Freeman’s Empirical Analysis
897 F.2d 346 · 1990
Citation profile
24 federal appellate · 3 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 38 later decisions — most recently May 2023 · most notably United States v. Bieri (1994), Saldana v. State (1993)
24 federal appellate · 3 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2321 · 18 U.S.C. § 511
Relies on United States v. Leon · Elkins v. United States · Massachusetts v. Sheppard · Vermont v. Cox · Hanil Bank v. Michelman
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 38 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“We apply the exclusionary rule to violations of Rule 41 only if a defendant is prejudiced or reckless disregard of proper procedure is evident.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[A] warrant underlying a federal conviction must be examined in light of federal standards.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.