United States v. Trayer’s Empirical Analysis
898 F.2d 805 · 1990
Citation profile
11 federal appellate · 7 district · 11 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 37 later decisions — most recently August 2020 · most notably United States v. Diaz (1994), United States v. Six Hundred Thirty-Nine Thousand Five Hundred & Fifty-Eight Dollars (1992)
11 federal appellate · 7 district · 11 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Lloyd · United States v. Colyer · United States v. Tartaglia · Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co. v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 37 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Given the reliance that this and other courts have placed on the results of dog sniffs in reviewing probable cause determinations, we find Knott’s testimony quite troubling ... we are mindful that less than scrupulously neutral procedures, which create at least the possibility of unconscious "cuing”, may well jeopardize the reliability of dog sniffs. Id.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“there is no constitutional right to be free of investigation,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.