Pena v. Lindley’s Empirical Analysis
898 F.3d 969 · 2018
Citation profile
2 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 16 later decisions — most recently May 2025
2 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act)
Relies on United States v. Salerno · Chaplinsky v. State of New Hampshire · New York v. Ferber · Federal Communications Commission v. Beach Communications, Inc. · City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 16 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“statistic. And your statistic may be used to justify further restrictions on gun lethality for future law-abiding citizens. 4. Conclusion Under Heller Test In Heller , the Supreme Court held that the Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Id. at 979 . We allow California to rely on any material reasonably believed to be relevant to substantiate its interests.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“ask whether the challenged law imposes a burden on conduct falling within the scope of the Second Amendment's guarantee.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.