Towne v. Dugger’s Empirical Analysis
899 F.2d 1104 · 1990
Citation profile
7 federal appellate · 18 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 38 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2026 · most notably 169 Ill. 2d 409 - People v. Oaks (1996), 587 So. 2d 848 - Holland v. State (1991)
7 federal appellate · 18 state decisions — followed in 12 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Edwards v. Arizona · Bonner v. City of Prichard · Stone v. Powell · Sumner v. Mata
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 38 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Officer, what do you think about whether I should get a lawyer?”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“whether the defendant's request is explicit or equivocal.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[s]uch questions reveal to the interrogating officer that the defendant is contemplating exercising his right to have an attorney present, and under [established case law], the officer should clarify the defendant's wishes before proceeding further.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.