United States v. Buffey’s Empirical Analysis
899 F.2d 1402 · 1990
Citation profile
38 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 64 later decisions — most recently November 2019 · most notably United States v. Wilkerson (2004), United States v. Collins (1994)
38 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1951 (Hobbs Act)
Relies on Stirone v. United States · Starnes v. Penrod Drilling Co. · Lord Electric Co. v. United States · Amperex Electronic Corp. v. New York Racing Assn., Inc. · Alder v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 64 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) that the defendant coerced the victim to part with property; (2) that the coercion occurred through the wrongful use of actual or threatened force, violence or fear or under color of official right; and (3) that the coercion occurred in such a way as to affect adversely interstate commerce.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[B]roadly as the extension of the interstate commerce requirement has spread, we are still a federal, not a unitary, government and, to satisfy the Act, the government still must show that an effect on interstate commerce is reasonably probable.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]n each case, ... a nexus has been required between the extortionate conduct and interstate commerce in order to establish federal jurisdiction. That nexus may be de minimis, but it must nonetheless exist.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.