Mason v. Gramley’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

22 federal appellate ·

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 38 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “Due process requires that the State prove beyond a reasonable doubt 'every fact necessary to constitute the crime with which [the defendant was] charged.' ... A defendant's due process rights are violated when the burden shifts to the defendant to disprove an element of the offense.”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Daniel Gore v. Richard B. Gramley, 1 · United States v. Toney

2. “direct precedent indicating that under the particular circumstances of a prisoner's case the waiver ... doctrine will be relaxed,”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Christie v. Krenke · Cawley v. E

3. “The Illinois statute requires the State to prove all elements of first degree murder beyond a reasonable doubt, and it only shifts to the defendant,the burden of establishing an affirmative defense once the State has met its initiál burden. Moreover, in proving a mitigating factor, a defendant in Illinois is not required to disprove an essential element of first degree murder. Under the statute, proof of a mitigating factor does not act to negate the mental state required for first degree murder. The Illinois statute thus resembles that approved by the [United States Supreme] Court in [Patterson v. New York, 432 U.S. 197 , 97 S.Ct. 2319 , 53 L.Ed.2d 281 (1977)] ....”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Medley v. Gramley