United States v. Carson’s Empirical Analysis
9 F.3d 576 · 1993
Citation profile
122 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 146 later decisions — most recently August 2017 · most notably United States v. Hickok (1996), United States v. Mustread (1994)
122 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Brady v. State of Maryland · Kotteakos v. United States · United States v. Bagley · United States v. Agurs · Pinkerton v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 146 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A defendant receiving a 'leader or organizer' enhancement under Sec. 3B1.1(a) must have at least some control ... over at least four other participants in the offense.”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[i]f the defendant was an organizer or leader of a criminal activity that involved five or more participants or was otherwise extensive.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the exercise of decision making authority, the nature of participation in the commission of the offense, the recruitment of accomplices, the claimed right to a larger share of the fruits of the crime, the degree of participation in planning or organizing the offense, the nature and scope of the illegal activity, and the degree of control and authority exercised over others.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.