9 Md. App. 7 - Whitehead v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1970
Citation profile
60 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 60 later decisions — most recently April 2018 · most notably Wilson v. State (1971), State v. Faulkner (1984)
60 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chisley v. State · Gray v. State · 8 Md. App. 100 - Lindsay v. State · 1 Md. App. 556 - Tipton v. State · 1 Md. App. 383 - Sadler v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 60 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) There must have been adequate provocation; (2) The killing must have been in the heat of passion; (3) It must have been a sudden heat of passion — that is, the killing must have followed the provocation before there had been a reasonable opportunity for the passion to cool; (4) There must have been a causal connection between the provocation, the passion, and the fatal act.”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““We do not feel that the evidence showed beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant sought the occasion or provoked the difficulty for the purpose of killing the deceased, nor was there a deadly weapon used by him. It did not appear that the deceased was beaten to death. Although the evidence was sufficient to prove that appellant’s acts were the proximate cause of the death, as from an intentional blow which the lower court found was struck by appellant, knocking deceased to the ground, it did not show that the killing was the direct result of a blow or blows struck by appellant. The autopsy findings were that the deceased died ‘of cranio-cerebral injuries consistent with a fall’ and the manner of death was stated as ‘undetermined.’ ””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the heat of passion engendered by the mutual combat”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.