9 U.S.C. § 203
Section 203 · Jurisdiction; amount in controversy
Amended 1 time on record
Applied in 216 court decisions — leading case Mitsubishi Motors Corporation v. Soler Chrysler-Plymouth Inc Soler Chrysler-Plymouth Inc (1985)
Most recently applied in 2026 IL App (1st) 241953 - People v. Quality Therapy and Consultation, Inc. (March 2026)
Cases citing this section usually also cite 9 U.S.C. § 201 · 9 U.S.C. § 202 · 9 U.S.C. § 207
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
An action or proceeding falling under the Convention shall be deemed to arise under the laws and treaties of the United States. The district courts of the United States (including the courts enumerated in section 460 of title 28) shall have original jurisdiction over such an action or proceeding, regardless of the amount in controversy.