9 U.S.C. § 208
Section 208 · Chapter 1; residual application
Amended 2 times on record
Applied in 125 court decisions — leading case Sandvik AB v. Advent International Corp. (2000)
Most recently applied in Hidroelectrica Santa Rita S.A. v. Corporacion AIC, SA (October 2024)
Cases citing this section usually also cite 9 U.S.C. § 201 · 9 U.S.C. § 202 · 9 U.S.C. § 1
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Chapter 1 applies to actions and proceedings brought under this chapter to the extent that chapter is not in conflict with this chapter or the Convention as ratified by the United States. This chapter applies to the extent that this chapter is not in conflict with chapter 4.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2022—Pub. L. 117–90 substituted “Application” for “Chapter 1; residual application” in section catchline and inserted at end “This chapter applies to the extent that this chapter is not in conflict with chapter 4.”
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2022 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 117–90 applicable with respect to any dispute or claim that arises or accrues on or after Mar. 3, 2022, see section 3 of Pub. L. 117–90, set out as an Effective Date note under section 401 of this title.
Effective Date
Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.