United States v. Roberson’s Empirical Analysis
90 F.3d 75 · 1996
Citation profile
31 federal appellate · 6 district · 12 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 75 later decisions — most recently September 2022 · most notably United States v. Brown (2006), Croft v. Westmoreland County Children & Youth Services (1997)
31 federal appellate · 6 district · 12 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act)
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Illinois v. Gates · Aguilar v. Texas · Spinelli v. United States · Ornelas v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 75 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he officers could have set up surveillance of the defendant”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“We do not address whether such a tip is sufficient to create reasonable suspicion when the tip involves an allegation that the defendant was carrying a gun rather than dealing drugs. Under those circumstances, a different rule may apply.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[ The] element of imminent danger distinguishes a gun tip from one involving possession of drugs. If there is any doubt about the reliability of an anonymous tip in the latter case, the police can limit their response to surveillance or engage in ‘controlled buys.’ Where guns are involved,- however, there is the risk that an attempt to ‘wait out’ the suspect might have fatal consequences.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. In Re DM · In the Interest of D.M.
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.