United States v. Walters’s Empirical Analysis
904 F.2d 765 · 1990
Citation profile
55 federal appellate · 7 district · 11 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 78 later decisions — most recently February 2020 · most notably United States v. Natanel (1991), United States v. Holmquist (1994)
55 federal appellate · 7 district · 11 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Strickland v. Washington · Jackson v. Virginia · Bethlehem Steel Corp. v. Pemberton · Swansboro Country, Inc. v. Lumberman's Mortgage Co. · New Jersey Department of Corrections v. Nash
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 78 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Proof based on scientific analysis or expert testimony is not required to prove the illicit nature of a substance, and identification of a substance as a drug may be based on the opinion of a knowledgeable lay person.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he reason for such a requirement is to alert the trial court and the other party to the grounds of the objection so that it may be addressed or cured.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.