Pan American World Airways Inc Maternity Leave Practices Flight Attendant Weight Program Litigation Leonard v. Pan American World Airways Inc Gardner’s Empirical Analysis
905 F.2d 1457 · 1990
Citation profile
28 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 52 later decisions — most recently October 2023 · most notably Jones v. Apfel (1999), National Association of Government Employees v. City Public Service Board of San Antonio Texas
28 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 45 U.S.C. § 153 (Railway Labor Act)
Relies on Hormel v. Helvering · Elgin Ry Co v. Burley · General Electric Co. v. Gilbert · Andrews v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad · Rush Pettway, Etc. v. American Cast Iron Pipe Company, United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Intervenor
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 52 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[I]f a party hopes to preserve a claim, argument, theory, or defense for appeal, [the party] must first clearly present it to the district court, that is, in such a way as to afford the district court an opportunity to recognize and rule on it.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage“What [the airline] did say [to the district court] suggested a much different argument, namely, that because White had continued working past the point at which the district court, in its liability-phase opinion, had said that business necessity might have justified requiring pregnant attendants to stop flying (twenty weeks), she had violated a part of the stop policy that the district court had upheld....”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.