Concerned Citizens v. Hardee County Board of Commissioners’s Empirical Analysis
906 F.2d 524 · 1990
Citation profile
13 federal appellate · 3 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 29 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2023 · most notably Growe v. Emison (1993), League of United Latin American Citizens, Council No. 4434 v. Clements (1993)
13 federal appellate · 3 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1973 (§ 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965)
Relies on Singleton v. Wulff · Thornburg v. Gingles · United Transportation Union v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority · Johnson v. Mississippi · Fort Wayne Books, Inc. v. Indiana
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 29 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“There is nothing in the law that prevents the plaintiffs from identifying the protected aggrieved minority to include both Blacks and Hispanics. Section 1973(a) protects the right to vote of both racial and language minorities. See 42 U.S.C. §§ 1973 (a), 1973b(f)(2). Congress itself recognized “that voting discrimination against citizens of language minorities is pervasive and national in scope,” 42 U.S.C. § 1973b(f)(l), and similar discrimination against Blacks is well documented. If, together, they are of such numbers residing geographically so as to constitute a majority in a single member district, they cross the Gingles threshold as potentially disadvantaged voters.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Nixon v. Kent County
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.