United States v. Valencia’s Empirical Analysis
907 F.2d 671 · 1990
Citation profile
92 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 109 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably United States v. Thomas (1993), United States v. Gonzalez (1991)
92 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 111 (Federal Judiciary Protection Act of 2002) · 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 3150 (Bail Reform Act of 1984) · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 846 (§ 406 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Jackson v. Virginia · United States v. Young · Missouri v. Continential Insurance Cos. · Rose v. Clark · Spies v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 109 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[k]nowledge and intent in narcotics cases often must be proved largely by circumstantial evidence.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“' [United States v. Pino-Perez, 870 F.2d 1230 , 1235 (7th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 110 S.Ct. 260, 107 L.Ed.2d 209 (1989) ] (quoting Peoni, 100 F.2d at 402). As this court stated in United States v. Beck, 615 F.2d 441 , 448 (7th Cir.1980), the aiding and abetting standard has two prongs--association and participation. To prove association, the state must prove that the defendant had the state of mind required for the statutory offense; to prove participation, '[a] high level of activity need not be shown.... Instead,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“in some sort associate[d] himself with the venture, that he participate[d] in it as in something he wishe[d] to bring about, [and] that he s[ought] by his action to make it succeed.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.