United States v. Heldberg’s Empirical Analysis
907 F.2d 91 · 1990
Citation profile
47 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 78 later decisions — most recently June 2020 · most notably United States v. Garcia (1990), United States v. Hill (1990)
47 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 952
Relies on United States v. Smith · United States v. Restrepo · United States v. Neavill · United States v. Burke · United States v. Willis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 78 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“clearly improbable that the weapon was connected with the offense.”
16 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[i]f a dangerous weapon (including a firearm) was possessed during commission of the offense.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]n applying Sec. 2D1.1(b)(1), the court need not find a connection between the firearm and the offense. If it finds that the defendant possessed the weapon during the commission of the offense, the enhancement is appropriate.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.