Hirschfeld v. Spanakos’s Empirical Analysis
1995
Citation profile
How this case has been cited
Cited by 9 later decisions — most recently June 2018
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Parratt v. Taylor · Malley v. Briggs · Kentucky v. Graham
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 9 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“It long has been clear that Section 1983 does not make of the Fourteenth Amendment a font of tort law to be superimposed upon whatever systems may already be administered by the States.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Dowd v. DeMarco
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.