696
91 FEDlllRAL
ants are' entitled to ,three"fourths instead(jf' one-half their costs. The decree$hould, I think, be ;a.mended by striking out "one-half" and inserting "three-fourths" in' 'lieu thereof. GEAND TRUNK RY. CO. v. CENTRAL VT. R. CO. (Circuit Court, D. Vermont. December 3, 1898.) L
Neither the mortgagee of a' railroad property nor the purchaser at a sale under the mortgage is entitled to enforce the ,covenants of a lease made by after thEl execution of the mOrtgage, binding the lessee to make good all depreciation of the property from wear or otherwise dUring the term' of the lease, when the depreciation was such as would or might have followed the use of the property by the mortgagor, and' would ])ot have constitllted,wllllte, which could have been restrained :, , or recovered for by the mortgagee. SAME-PR.EFERRED qLAIMS
OF lfIORTGAGEE-SUBSEQUENT LEASE OF ROAD.
2.
pany for "the loss of propertywliile in the possession of said corporation" prefe.vence, over mortgages 'given by the, company, applies only to liabilities gJ,'owing out of the. olWration of ,a railroad within the state, and doesnot include a claim on the covenants of a lease of a railroad in another state. ' .. ' , 011 motion for leave to intervehein foreclosure suit, and for the allowance of claims as ,preferredidebts under the state statute. James Byrne,'for petitioners. Michael H.Oardozo, Henry Orawford, Elmer P. Rowe,and Oharles M. Wilds, for opposing parties. '
R. L. 1880, § 3353 (V. S. § 38(8),' giving claims against a railroad com-
OF VERMONT STATUTE,
'WHEELER; District Judge·. llthis is a creditors' bill in behalf of aU' who may come in, and in' which foreclosures are pending. The Ogdensbnrg & Lake CharoplainRailroad Comp-any mortgaged its road, which is in the state of New York; April 1, 1880, "and all and singular the railway, rails, bridges, switch(!S; privileges, rights and teal estate, statiOn hOus.es, stol'ehouses, elevators, and all buildings' and 1ixtures,ot i every kind and., description; now 'Owned by said,c.ompany,or which may be hereafter owned or acquired 'by as hereina'fter stated, together with ,all the cars" freight cars, and locomotives, engines, and aU other cars, and all shop tools, fuel, machinery, and other propertY, now oWned or hereaftet'to be owned or acquired, by said compaay andlnany waybelongitig or appertaIriing to tlie said railroad," to to secu,re bonds,---t!hd Ju'ile 1, 1886, entered into ahagreel1lent fOl'theoperatiotiofl:tlle road which was assumed by the"defendant, the Oentral Railroad Oompany,1;Jy which the latter agreed with the form!'!r, continuance of this agreement, to keep up ,and maint#in in good order and cQndition, by repairs 'and the safuemay be+ieeded, 'all the present equipment oftlie ;party of the part, and to add such new cars and engines lis may be 'to provide aoll depreciafion as the'stimemay'from tlme to time occur; "to mark distinctly and in the usual manner all such new locomotives and other' roll-
GRAND TRUNK RY. CO. V. CENTRAL VT. R. CO.
697
ip.g stock; to denote that thP-y appertain and belong to the said party of the first part, and so deliver them upon the road of the said party of the first part, subject only as its other property to the terms of this agreement; to keep said railroad, fences, bridges, buildings, and structures, and its and their appurtenances, in good order and repair, putting in the track of said railroad from time time such new steel rails as may be necessary, so that all the raIlroad tracks, switches, turnouts, fences, docks, bridges, buildings, shops, tools, machinery, locomotives, cars, rolling stock, equipment, and everything herein named or not named, which is taken, possessed, or controlled by the party of the second part, or any of its officers by virtue of this agreement, shall be kept in repair, lind, at the termination of this agreement, restored to the party of the first part in as good and serviceable condition as at the date when this agreement is to go into effect; * * * to keep policies of insurance in full force and effect upon all the buildings, bridges, and docks of said party of the first part, and such other property of the party of the first part as is now insured by it, to a proper and safe extent; and to have such policies written for the benefit of whom it may concern, and referring to the interests of the parties hereto, and, in case of loss, all sums recovered from insurance companies oIi existing or future policies shall inure to the benefit of the party of the second part, and shall be expended in replacing or repairing the structure burned." The mortgage was foreclosed, and the amount found due was $3,797,717.50, and the property, including any and all "acquired for use in connection with or for the purposes of said railroad and properties," "and all choses in action, real and personal," were sold pursuant, to Charles Parsons, William Lummis, and Charles R. Batt, the first of whom has assigned to the other two. They have presented a petition herein setting forth that, while the road was operated by the defendant, the rolling stock depreciated $695,650; that an elevator was destroyed by fire, on which the los.s was $200,000, for which the defendant received $85,618.08 insurance, $35,419.31 of which has never been used for the road; and praying leave to intervene, and that these Claims be allowed, and preferred under the statutes of Vermont, or that the petitioners be admitted to defend against the mortgages. This application has been heard on the face of the petition. Undoubtedly, a mortgagee may at any time, in equity, restrain waste that will impair the security, and, after condition broken, maintain any appropriate action for material injury to the property that would amount to such waste; but this property was mortgaged in, and to remain in, use by the mortgagor; and the depreciation set up is such as would or might follow from the use, and would not be restrainable waste. The condition of the mortgage does not appear to have been broken while the defendant was in possession, and no right of action for waste could have accrued then for what might have been actionable after condition broken; but the same use would not then appear to be actionable waste, any more than it would be restrainable before. The liability of the defendant would seem to be personal upon the agreement for nonfulfillment, with-
698
91 FEDERAL REPORTER.
out reference to the mortgage; and not such as would follow the property or mortgage. As the petitioners are merely the purchasers of the property at foreclosure sale, they do not appear to have acquired any title to this right of personal action, if any, upon the agreement. On this view there seems to be no reason for allowing the petition to be filed; but the petitioners appear to be pursuing this claim here in good faith. This conclusion may be erroneous, and an absolute denial of leave to file the petition might unjustly cut off all right of appeal, and depI'ive them of such opportunity as they should have. The statute upon which the idea of a preference over the mortgages upon the assets rests is this: , "Mortgages of railroad franchises, furniture, cars, engines -and rolling stock when properly executed and recorded shall vest In the mortgagee a mortgage Interes.t In and lien upon such property without delivery or change of possession, and for the purpose of mortgage all such property shall be deemed part of the realty. But thIs section shall not prevent such furniture, cars, engInes and· rolling stock from being attached by a person having a claIm against the corporation holding such property for an Injury sustained on Its road by negligence of the corporation or for services rendered or mao terials, furnished to keep said road In repaIr, or to run the same, or for liabili· ties as common carrIers, or for the loss of property while in the possessIon of eaid corporation; and such property, when so attached, may be taken, held and disposed of as though said property had not been mortgaged." R. L. 1880, § 3358 (V. S. § 3803).
The only words of liability applicable to a claim like this are "for the loss of property while in the possession of said corporation." The statute refers, of course, to railroads, and the operation of railroads, within this state. This claim arises from the operation of a railroad without the state. The liability for property received as a carrier in the operation of a road within the state may extend without the state. Outts v. Brainerd, 42 Vt. 566. This claim does not grow out of the operation of any rail,road within the state, nor out of the loss of property anywhere, but only out of an executory contract in respect to the operation of another road out of the state. It seems to be not only without the territory, but without the intent, of the statute. The highest court of the state has said in reo spect to this statute, when it was sections 101 and 102 of chapter 28 of the General Statutes: "It Is clear that construction expenses are excluded in section 102. It Is clear that general creditors are excluded.' The statute (sectIon 101) makes the mortgage valId against all creditors except those especially enumerated in section 102., Every liability specified in section 102 grows out of 1he operation of the road."
The words and their connection were the same as those of the section of the Revised Laws quoted, into which the two sections were brought, and which were in force at the time of the transactions in qupstion. There does not appear to be sufficient substance to this claim to warrant allowing the petition to be filed, and allowing intervention thereon, in the foreclosures, or where the mortgagees would be required to answer. Leave to file the petition as a comrilon creditor in the original cause granted; the residue is denied.
'LOUISVILLE TRUST CO. V. CINCINNATI INCLINED-PLANE RY. CO.
699
LOUISVILLE TRUST CO. v. CINCINNATI INCLINED-PLANE RY. CO. , (GOOD:\lAN, Intervener). (Circuit Court, S. D. Ohio, W. D. December 24, 1897.)
1.
RAILROADS-CONSTRUCTION OF MORTGAGE-SUBSEQUENT EXTENSION OF LINE.
A mortgage by a railroad company of "the railway, rails, bridges, and real estate * * * belonging to or held by said company," and "all the tolls, incomes, Issues, and profits to accrue from the same or any part thereof," does not cover an after-acquired line or extension of the road, as It is, in terms, limited to that then owned by the mortgagor, and the income mortgaged Is also limited to that accruing "from the same." A clause in a mortgage by a railroad company covering, "all and singuiar, the cars and rolling stock * * * of said company," cannot be extended by construction to include any more than the cars and rolling stock then owned by the mortgagor. A mortgage by a railroad company of, "all and singular, its franchises and property, both real and personal," cannot be held by such language to include property subsequently acquired by the company, through the exercise of a franchise it then possessed. for the purpose of adding to or extending its line. A clause in a railroad mortgage extending it to "all the rights, easements, incidents, and appurtenances unto the hereby-granted premisps belonging or in any wise appertaining" will not include future-acquired extensions of the line; nor will a statement in the mortgage that it is made under and by virtue of all and every power and authority in the mortgagor vested have the effect of enlarging the meaning of the language used in describing the property mortgaged.
SAME-RoLLING STOCK.
3.
SAME-ExTENSION OF LINE-MORTGAGE OF FRANCHISE.
4.
SAME-MoRTGAGE OF INCIDENTS AND ApPURTENANCES.
5.
SAME-MORTGAGE ON EARNINGS-NECESSARY ADDITIONS TO ROI,LING STOOK.
A mortgage by a railroad company in Ohio, where the power eXists, under the law, to mortgage after-acquired property, Which, though it contains no after-acquired property clause in terms, includes the railroad and rolling stock, and all the tolls, incomes, issues, and profits to accrue from the same or any part thereof, extends to and covers also futureacquired rolling stock and equipment purchased for, and needed in the operation of, the road mortgaged, and without which the income covered by the mortgage could not be earned. There is nothing in the statutes of Ohio relating to the extension of lines of railroad, or authorizing a change in the proposed location of such lines, which has the effect of extending a railroad mortgage, by operation of law, to cover after-acquired property which would not be included by the terms of the mortgage, construed by t.he rules of the common law.
6.
SAME-EFFECT OF OHIO STATUTES.
This is a bill filed by the Louisville Trust Oompany, as trustee under a mortgage or deed of trust, duly recorded, given to it on the 1st day of January, 1889, to secure an issue of 500 bonds of $1,000 each, with interest thereon at 6 per cent. per annum, payable semiannually, of which bonds $375,000 have been certified by the trust company, and sold to various persons, and are outstanding. The remainder of said issue, amounting to $125,000, not having been certified, remain in the hands of the complainant, as trustee, to take up a previous issue. The bill showed a default in the interest, and the right to foreclose. A receiver was appointed and put in charge of the road, and is now in possession. W. A.. Goodllian filed his intervening petition, praying for the foreclosure of