Taxman v. Board of Education of the Township of Piscataway’s Empirical Analysis
91 F.3d 1547 · 1996
Citation profile
20 federal appellate · 6 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 52 later decisions — most recently June 2019 · most notably Messer v. Meno (1997), Caldwell III v. Life Insurance Company of North America (2002)
20 federal appellate · 6 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins · Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 52 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Title VII's prohibition against racial discrimination is not violated by affirmative action plans which first, `have purposes that mirror those of the statute' and second, do not `unnecessarily trammel the interests of the [non-minority] employees.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“necessary both to minimize the effect of the program on other employees, and to ensure that the plan's goals `[are] not being used simply to achieve and maintain . . . balance.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. John Doe, a Minor, by His Mother and Next Friend, Jane Doe, and Josephine Helelani Pauahi Rabago, Intervenor, Kamehameha Schools/bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate Constance H. Lau, Nainoa Thompson, Diane J. Plotts, Robert K.U. Kihune, J. Douglasing, in Their Capacities as Trustees of the Kamehameha Schools/bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate · Doe ex rel. Doe v. Kamehameha Schools“[B]oth Weber and Johnson unequivocally provide that valid affirmative action plans are temporary measures that seek to attain, not maintain a permanent racial . . . balance.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrencee.g. John Doe, a Minor, by His Mother and Next Friend, Jane Doe, and Josephine Helelani Pauahi Rabago, Intervenor, Kamehameha Schools/bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate Constance H. Lau, Nainoa Thompson, Diane J. Plotts, Robert K.U. Kihune, J. Douglasing, in Their Capacities as Trustees of the Kamehameha Schools/bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate · Doe ex rel. Doe v. Kamehameha Schools
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.