United States v. Upton’s Empirical Analysis
91 F.3d 677 · 1996
Citation profile
54 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 69 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably United States v. Villegas (2005), United States v. Escalante-Reyes (2012)
54 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Olano · Vandygriff v. Phillips · United States v. Gaudin · Doerr v. Doerr · Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 69 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[C]laims made without citation to authority or references to the record are considered abandoned on appeal.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“during the course of the investigation, prosecution, or sentencing of the instant offense of conviction.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“This Circuit permits a district court to refuse to submit an instruction regarding a good faith defense if the defense is substantially covered by the charge given and the defendant has had the opportunity to argue good faith to the jury.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.