Ward v. Schaefer’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 5 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “[We] may affirm [a] judgment on any independently sufficient ground supported by the record.”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Reyes-Colon v. Banco Popular de Puerto Rico · D'Pergo Custom Guitars, Inc. v. Sweetwater Sound, Inc.

2. “is low, and it permits the introduction of evidence that 'has any tendency to make a fact more or less probable.'”

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Neece v. City of Chicopee · United States v. Villa-Guillen

3. “from the vista of a cold - 23 - appellate record, [to] reverse a district court's on-the-spot judgment concerning the relative weighing of probative value and unfair effect”

   1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. Neece v. City of Chicopee