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91 N.M. 712

580 P.2d 138

State v. Lovato

New Mexico Court of Appeals

Decided March 14, 1978

New Mexico Court of Appeals · decided 1978-03-14

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“"Relevant evidence" means evidence having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence.”

quoted by 1 later decision, including State v. Garcia

“Evidence of other crimes, wrongs or acts * * * may * * * be admissible for * * * proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity or absence of mistake or accident. [Emphasis added.]”

quoted by 1 later decision, including State v. Garcia

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1978-03-14

How this case has been cited

Cited by 34 later decisions — most recently December 2004 · most notably State v. Worley (1984), State v. Vialpando (1979)

2 federal appellate · 32 state decisions

1801978198019902000decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

HERNANDEZ, Judge

¶1(specially concurring).

¶2I concur with Judge Wood; however, I believe that some additional comments are called for concerning Evidence Rule 404(b), the last sentence of which reads as follows: “It [evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts] may, however, be admissible for other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident.”

¶3In my opinion, this sentence does not apply to witnesses other than the accused and the victim in criminal cases and to the plaintiff and defendant in civil cases. It is readily apparent that this portion of the rule will have far greater application in criminal cases than in civil cases. Had the draftsman intended this sentence to apply to all witnesses, they probably would not have included “motive” and “intent”. The motive or intent of a witness, other than one of the four just mentioned, introduced for any purpose other than impeachment, is usually irrelevant. If, for some reason, the crimes, wrongs, or acts, of a witness, other than the four mentioned above were relevant to show motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident, such evidence would be admissible under Evidence Rule 402 (“All relevant evidence is admissible . . ..”), and the last sentence of Rule 401(b) would be redundant in this regard. Evidence Rule 401:

“ ‘Relevant evidence’ means evidence having any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence.”

¶4Evidence Rules 607, 608, 609, and 610, in a very detailed and orderly manner, govern the admission of evidence for the impeachment of witnesses. So that it would be illogical to have 401(b), almost as an aside, apply as well to the introduction of such evidence. “Impeachment” here means the methods or techniques for questioning the credibility of a witness.

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