Long v. City of Saginaw’s Empirical Analysis
911 F.2d 1192 · 1990
Citation profile
19 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 41 later decisions — most recently September 2010 · most notably Vogel v. City of Cincinnati (1992), Brunet v. City of Columbus (1993)
19 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 141 (§ 1 of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 (Taft-Hartley Act)) · 29 U.S.C. § 142 (§ 501 of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 (Taft-Hartley Act)) · 29 U.S.C. § 185 (§ 301 of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 (Taft-Hartley Act)) · 29 U.S.C. § 402 · 29 U.S.C. § 411 · 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866)
Relies on International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States · Hazelwood School District v. United States · Frontiero v. Richardson · City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co. · McLaughlin v. Florida
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 41 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“language from Wygant to determine whether a compelling governmental interest existed for an affirmative action program designed to increase the number of black officers in the Saginaw Police Department. We stated that 54 [i]n considering the presence or absence of a compelling governmental interest necessary for justifying affirmative action remedial programs incorporating racial classifications, the teachings of Wygant are directory: 55”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. 63 Fair empl.prac.cas. (Bna) 999, 59 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 41,774 United Black Firefighters Association Oscar Williams, Jr. David Gurley, Sr. Johnnie W. Player, Jr. Henry L. Lewis, Jr. Lee C. Bethune and Michael Harvey v. City of Akron Civil Service Commissioners for the City of Akron Akron Fire Chief Romanoski Donald Plusquellic, Mayor, City of Akron and Richard Pamley, Akron Firefighters Association (Afl-Cio), Local 330 · United Black Firefighters Ass'n v. City of Akron“[I]n such a case, the trial court must make a factual determination that the employer had a strong basis in evidence for its conclusions that remedial action was necessary....”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. 63 Fair empl.prac.cas. (Bna) 999, 59 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 41,774 United Black Firefighters Association Oscar Williams, Jr. David Gurley, Sr. Johnnie W. Player, Jr. Henry L. Lewis, Jr. Lee C. Bethune and Michael Harvey v. City of Akron Civil Service Commissioners for the City of Akron Akron Fire Chief Romanoski Donald Plusquellic, Mayor, City of Akron and Richard Pamley, Akron Firefighters Association (Afl-Cio), Local 330 · United Black Firefighters Ass'n v. City of Akron“the Saginaw Police Department must ensure, before it embarks upon an affirmative action program, that it has convincing proof of prior discrimination....”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. 63 Fair empl.prac.cas. (Bna) 999, 59 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 41,774 United Black Firefighters Association Oscar Williams, Jr. David Gurley, Sr. Johnnie W. Player, Jr. Henry L. Lewis, Jr. Lee C. Bethune and Michael Harvey v. City of Akron Civil Service Commissioners for the City of Akron Akron Fire Chief Romanoski Donald Plusquellic, Mayor, City of Akron and Richard Pamley, Akron Firefighters Association (Afl-Cio), Local 330 · United Black Firefighters Ass'n v. City of Akron
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.