Giannini v. Real’s Empirical Analysis
911 F.2d 354 · 1990
Citation profile
24 federal appellate · 5 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 52 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably Commission for Lawyer Discipline v. Benton (1998), Gallo v. United States District Court for the District of Arizona (2003)
24 federal appellate · 5 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2071 (Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Amendments) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985
Relies on Kremer v. Chemical Construction Corp. · Schware v. Board of Bar Examiners of NM · Barrett v. United States · Johnson v. United States · City of Los Angeles v. Preferred Communications, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 52 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Discrimination on the basis of out-of-state residency is a necessary element for a claim under the Privileges and Immunities Clause.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[M]embership in the California Bar provides the district courts assurance that the character, moral integrity, and fitness of [Indigent Defense Panel members] have been approved after investigation.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Russell v. Hug · Russell v. Hug“allowing California to set its own bar examination standards is rationally related to the legitimate government need to ensure the quality of attorneys within the state”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Russell v. Hug · Russell v. Hug
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.