Freeman v. Ferguson’s Empirical Analysis
911 F.2d 52 · 1990
Citation profile
83 federal appellate · 10 district · 9 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 153 later decisions — most recently July 2023 · most notably Morse v. Lower Merion School District (1997), Dwares v. City of New York (1993)
83 federal appellate · 10 district · 9 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Joshua Deshaney, a Minor, by His Guardian Ad Litem, and Melody Deshaney,s v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, et al. · Logarusic v. United States · Dade County v. Lake Lucerne Civic Ass'n · Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Department · Hobson v. Wilson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 153 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“beyond the level it would have been at absent state action.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage“[i]t is not clear, under DeShaney , how large a role the state must play in the creation of danger and in the creation of vulnerability before it assumes a corresponding constitutional duty to protect. It is clear, though, that at some point such actions do create such a duty.”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage“the result of an affirmative act by a state actor to interfere with the protective services which would have otherwise been available in the community.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.