United States v. Hedges’s Empirical Analysis
912 F.2d 1397 · 1990
Citation profile
28 federal appellate · 2 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 45 later decisions — most recently December 2015 · most notably United States v. Baptista-Rodriguez (1994), United States v. Brebner (1991)
28 federal appellate · 2 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 208 · 18 U.S.C. § 434
Relies on Carnegie v. United States · Truong Dinh Hung v. United States · United States v. National Dairy Products Corp. · United States v. Petrillo · Cox v. State of Louisiana
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 45 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In the seminal case of the United States v. Mississippi Valley Generating Co., 364 U.S. 520 , 548, 81 S.Ct. 294 , 308-10, 5 L.Ed.2d 268 , 288-89 (1961), in considering Section 208’s predecessor statute, 18 U.S.C. § 434 , the Supreme Court reviewed the legislative history of the conflict of interest statute. It observed that “[t]he obvious purpose of the statute is to insure honesty in the Government’s business dealings by preventing federal agents who have interests adverse to those of the Government from advancing their own interests at the expense of the public welfare.” Although the statute, enacted in 1863, has been reenacted several times, “the broad prohibition contained in the original statute has been retained throughout the years.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage“[Wjhoever, being an officer or employee of the executive branch of the United States Government, ... participates personally and substantially ... in a ... particular matter in which, to his knowledge, he, ... or any person or organization with whom he is negotiating or has any arrangement concerning prospective employment, has a financial interest ... [shall be guilty of a felony].”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“See id. at 1397. When defendant Hedges, a former Colonel in the United States Air Force, was looking to retire from military duty, he sought advice from Captain Lehman, the Standards of Conduct Counselor charged with advising personnel about conflict of interest matters. Id. at 1398-99. Hedges sought work as a defense consultant for Sperry Corporation (”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.