Bay Area Peace Navy v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
914 F.2d 1224 · 1990
Citation profile
74 federal appellate · 10 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 139 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably McTernan v. City of York (2009), Startzell v. City of Philadelphia (2008)
74 federal appellate · 10 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2412 · 33 U.S.C. § 1221 (Port and Tanker Safety Act of 1978) · 33 U.S.C. § 1226 · 33 U.S.C. § 1233
Relies on Pierce v. Underwood · Ward v. Rock Against Racism · Perry Education Ass'n v. Perry Local Educators' Ass'n · Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc. · Members of the City Council of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 139 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“justified to a degree that could satisfy a reasonable person,”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“An alternative is not ample if the speaker is not permitted to reach the `intended audience.'”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Long Beach Area Peace v. City of Long Beach · Victor Menotti Thomas Sellman Todd Stedl Doug Skove v. City of Seattle Paul Schell, Former Mayor of the City of Seattle Norman Stamper, Former Chief of Police of the City of Seattle Sharon Stevens, a Seattle Police Detective Ronald Smith, a Seattle Police Officer, Kenneth Hankin Jennifer Hudziec Stephanie Lane Denise Cooper Nicole Pearson on Behalf of Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated v. City of Seattle Paul Schell, Former Mayor of the City of Seattle Norman Stamper, Former Chief of Police of the City of Seattle“rendered the [plaintiffs'] . . . demonstration completely ineffective and that passing out pamphlets on land or demonstrating at the entrance to the pier are not viable alternatives because the invited visitors, who are the [plaintiffs'] intended audience, are not accessible from those positions.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Victor Menotti Thomas Sellman Todd Stedl Doug Skove v. City of Seattle Paul Schell, Former Mayor of the City of Seattle Norman Stamper, Former Chief of Police of the City of Seattle Sharon Stevens, a Seattle Police Detective Ronald Smith, a Seattle Police Officer, Kenneth Hankin Jennifer Hudziec Stephanie Lane Denise Cooper Nicole Pearson on Behalf of Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated v. City of Seattle Paul Schell, Former Mayor of the City of Seattle Norman Stamper, Former Chief of Police of the City of Seattle · Menotti
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.