United States v. Simms’s Empirical Analysis
914 F.3d 229 · 2019
Citation profile
4 federal appellate · 4 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 55 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2025 · most notably 139 S. Ct. 2319 - United States v. Davis (2019), United States v. Davis
4 federal appellate · 4 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1031 · 18 U.S.C. § 1112 · 18 U.S.C. § 1512 · 18 U.S.C. § 16 · 18 U.S.C. § 1951 (Hobbs Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 1952 · 18 U.S.C. § 1956 (§ 1352 of the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986) · 18 U.S.C. § 2332B (§ 702 of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Jackson v. Virginia · Gall v. United States · United States v. Olano · Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · Almendarez-Torres v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 55 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(a) an offense that has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person or property of another, or (b) any other offense that is a felony and that, by its nature, involves a substantial risk that physical force against the person or property of another may be used in the course of committing the offense.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“Although categorical analysis may be complicated, the rationale for it is simple and long-established: if Congress has conditioned a statutory penalty on commission of an offense generally-rather than on specific acts-courts must consider the crime as defined, rather than the offender's conduct.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“When a statute defines an offense in a way that allows for both violent and nonviolent means of commission, that offense is not 'categorically' a crime of violence under the force clause.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.