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← 917 F.3d 1 - Gray v. Cummings

Gray v. Cummings’s Empirical Analysis

917 F.3d 1 · 2019

Citation profile

26
cited by 26 later decisions
November 2024
most recently cited

2 federal appellate · 13 district ·

Relationships

Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1331 · 28 U.S.C. § 636 · 42 U.S.C. § 12101 (§ 2 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990) · 42 U.S.C. § 12131 (§ 201 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))

Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Graham v. Connor · Malley v. Briggs · City of Los Angeles v. Lyons

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 26 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

  1. “). This factor weighs slightly in Defendants' favor. As to the second Graham factor - whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others - Taylor was not an immediate threat to other motorists, bicyclists, or Moore once she was out of the car. There is no evidence that Taylor was threatening Moore once she was out of the car, and a”
    2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
  2. “some breathing room for a police officer even if he has made a mistake (albeit a reasonable one) about the lawfulness of his conduct.”
    2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
  3. “whether [the suspect was] actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight”
    2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority

How this case has been treated — in progress

Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.