Hartness v. Bush’s Empirical Analysis
919 F.2d 170 · 1990
Citation profile
7 federal appellate · 6 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 30 later decisions — most recently June 2012 · most notably 254 F. Supp. 2d 52 - Freeman v. Fallin (2003), United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit (1991)
7 federal appellate · 6 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Katz v. United States · Chimel v. California · Beck v. State of Ohio · United States v. Ross
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 30 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“We do not see ... how the constitutional permissibility of drug testing can depend on whether the employees tested have access to information the disclosure of which causes “only” serious damage as opposed to exceptionally grave damage to national security.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]he difference between the government’s interest in testing secret[ 1 ] clearance-holders and its interest in testing top secret[ 2 ] is not significant enough to tip the constitutional scales against testing. I do not think it necessary, however, to go beyond this narrow holding.[ 3 ]”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[A] person with a top secret clearance generates sufficiently grave potential risk to national security to make the decision to conduct random urinalysis testing reasonable regardless of any other attendant circumstances.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.