Spence v. TRW, Inc.’s Empirical Analysis
92 F.3d 380 · 1996
Citation profile
6 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 34 later decisions — most recently April 2020 · most notably Dalton v. Capital Associated Industries, Inc. (2001), Bernita Washington
6 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 15 U.S.C. § 1681 · 15 U.S.C. § 1681B · 15 U.S.C. § 1681E · 15 U.S.C. § 1681I
Relies on Montana v. United States · Migra v. Warren City School District Board of Education · Bodine v. United States · Henson v. CSC Credit Services · Guimond v. Trans Union Credit Information Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 34 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[a] showing of inaccuracy is an essential element of a claim under the Fair Credit Reporting Act”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“liability does not flow automatically from the fact that a credit reporting agency ... reports inaccurate information. Instead, liability flows from failure to follow (1) reasonable procedures (2) to assure maximum possible accuracy of the information (3) concerning the individual about whom the information relates.... [T]he standard of conduct by which the trier of fact must judge the adequacy of (consumer reporting) agency procedures is what a reasonably prudent person would do under the circumstances.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Whenever a consumer reporting agency prepares a consumer report it shall follow reasonable procedures to assure maximum possible accuracy of the information concerning the individual about whom the report relates.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.