United States v. Under Seal’s Empirical Analysis
920 F.2d 235 · 1990
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 3 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 30 later decisions — most recently September 2025 · most notably United States v. Dynavac, Inc. (1993), 194 W. Va. 28 - State Ex Rel. John Doe v. Troisi (1995)
8 federal appellate · 3 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Illinois v. Gates · Coolidge v. New Hampshire · Jones v. United States · Sedillo v. United States · United States v. Salvucci
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 30 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he degree of specificity required when describing the goods to be seized may necessarily vary according to the circumstances and type of items involved.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“preliminarily to or in connection with a judicial proceeding”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.