Snell’s Empirical Analysis
Citation profile
19 federal appellate · 59 district · 15 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 175 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 2022 · most notably Cone v. Bell (2009), Scotto v. Almenas (1998)
19 federal appellate · 59 district · 15 state decisions — followed in 11 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Franks v. Delaware
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 175 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[f]or liability under Section 1983, direct participation is not necessary. Any official who “causes” a citizen to be deprived of her constitutional rights can also be held liable. The requisite causal connection is satisfied if the defendant set in motion a series of events that the defendant knew or reasonably should have known would cause others to deprive the plaintiff of her constitutional rights.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[t]he more distant a function is from the judicial process, the less likely absolute immunity will attach.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“alleging judicial deception 'must make a substantial showing of deliberate falsehood or reckless disregard for truth' and 'establish that, but for the dishonesty, the challenged action would not have occurred.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.